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Cultura

Renacimiento Alicantino

     En el siglo XVI, la ciudad experimentó un desarrollo económico enorme gracias al mercantilismo. Esto afectó de manera muy positiva a la producción artística, la potenció. Podríamos abarcar como periodo renacentista alicantino, desde mediados del siglo XV a fines del XVI, sin embargo, encontramos pocas incidencias de este arte, más concretamente, de las influencias que el renacimiento lleva consigo, como son: el humanismo, la secularización de las artes y las ciencias y por la aparición de una nueva espiritualidad interiorizada. Cuando ya se arraiga en Alicante este movimiento cultural, es en  fases ya tardías y cuando está integrado en el sistema.

     En la primera mitad del siglo XVI se mandó construir la “Casa del Concejo” que estaría situada en la actual Plaza del Mar. Otra obra en la actual Plaza de Gabriel Miró, la llamada “Casa del Rey”, que se conocen sus planos y alzados, y su construcción concluyó en la última década del mismo siglo. En cuanto a los conocidos Convento de San Agustín (1585), Carmelitas Calzadas (1586), Dominicos  y Monjas de la Sangre (1607), no contamos con datos que nos dan una idea sobre su aspecto y estructura en la época, pero se supone que debieron ser bastante humildes y funcionales.

      La arquitectura militar alicantina juega unos de los aspectos más interesantes del siglo XVI en nuestra ciudad. Los monarcas Carlos V y Felipe II dedicaron especial atención a poner al día todo el sistema defensivo, a adaptarlo a las nuevas circunstancias bélicas (artillería) y salvaguardar a la costa mediterránea de los ataques piratas berberiscos y turcos.

     También son características las torres vigía y de defensa,  lo que permitía dar mayor seguridad a la ciudad. Tenía un fuerte sistema de vigilancia y aviso mediante guardias tanto en tierra como en mar, y las torres situadas en el litoral. Además, se mandaron a fortificar algunas iglesias, como es el caso de la iglesia de El Salvador, de Muchamiel.

     Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, se realizaron las mayores intervenciones en el Castillo de Santa Bárbara en cuanto a fortificación se trata. La muralla que protegía la ciudad se unía con la del castillo.

     Fueron ingenieros, también de nacionalidad italiana, los contratados por el rey para construir torres defensivas en el litoral y fortificar el Castillo de Santa Bárbara y la ciudad, aportando criterios nuevos y mucho más eficaces.

     En cuanto a la escultura y la pintura, son escasas las piezas que se conservan en la actualidad. Uno de los ejemplos que podemos encontrar de escultura de este periodo, es “la pila bautismal del templo de Santa María”. También el “retablo mayor de Santa Faz”, destruido en 1936 y conocido en la actualidad únicamente por una fotografía.

63 replies on “Renacimiento Alicantino”

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