Evolution of Neogene fossil ceratoliths (Coccolithophores) by duplication

The calcareous nannofossils of the genus Ceratolithus, known for their horseshoe shape (referred to as ceratolith), evolved from the Orthorhabdus rugosus, a rod-shape nannolith with three rodded blades (sinistral, median, and dextral). The sinistral and median blades gave rise to the sinistral and dextral arms of the ceratolith, while the dextral blade was reduced to a keel. […]

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